| |
Page
|
| INTRODUCTION |
1
|
| FILTRATION
THEORY |
2
|
| PM
10 LEGISLATION |
5
|
| VARIABLES
IN DESIGN THEORY (FABRIC) |
7
|
| FABRIC
FUNDAMENTALS |
8
|
| SELECTING
FILTER FABRICS FOR BAGHOUSES |
11
|
| FIBER
TABLE |
12
|
| TRIBOELECTRIC
SERIES |
14
|
| MATERIALS/FIBERS |
15
|
| |
Aramid
(for instance NomexR, TEIJINCONEXR) |
15
|
| |
Glass |
16
|
| |
Homopolymer
Acrylic |
16
|
| |
Teflon®
- Toyoflon® - Profilen® - Rastex® |
16
|
| |
Polypropylene |
17
|
| |
Sulfar
(Ryton®, Procon®, Torcon®, BAYER PPS, TEIJIN PPS) |
17
|
| |
Polyester
|
17
|
| |
Metal
Fibers |
17
|
| |
P84 |
18
|
| |
Others |
18
|
| pH
SCALE |
19
|
| GLOSSARY
OF TERMS |
20
|
| HIGH
TEMPERATURE FILTER MEDIA (FABRICS) |
24
|
| SPARK
BLOCKERR |
26
|
| FABRIC
SELECTION GUIDE |
27
|
| SELECTION
FOR FILTER MEDIA (FABRICS) |
28
|
| |
Woven Fabrics |
28
|
| |
Knitted Fabrics |
29
|
| |
Needled Fabrics
|
29
|
| |
Laminates |
29
|
| |
Needled Felt
Surface Treatments |
30
|
| FINISHES
OF WOVEN GLASS FABRICS |
31
|
| IMPORTANT
CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHES |
31
|
| WOVEN
GLASS FILTER BAGS ON CAGES |
32
|
| CLEANING
METHODS |
38
|
| |
Conventional
Pulse Jet |
38
|
| |
Low Pressure
Pulse Jet |
38
|
| |
Sonic Cleaning |
39
|
| |
StacleanTM
Diffuser |
40
|
| |
Inlet Diffuser |
41
|
| |
Aspects of
Energy Savings |
42
|
| |
Energy Chart
|
43
|
| FILTER
BAG CRITERIA |
44
|
| |
Filter Bag
Tension |
44
|
| |
Bag Size |
44
|
| |
Filter Bag
Ring Spacing |
45
|
| |
Bag Reach |
46
|
| |
Bag Hardware
|
46
|
| |
Bag Reconditioning
|
47
|
| |
Factors of
Bag Life Failure Influence |
47
|
| |
Some Areas
to Improve Filter Bag Life |
48
|
| |
Garland Effect |
49
|
| FILTER
MEDIA FABRIC TESTING - USA |
50
|
| TEST
PROCEDURES |
51
|
| DOP
TEST |
55
|
| LABORATORY
EXAMINATION OF USED FILTER MEDIA |
56
|
| FABRIC
EVALUATION AFTER FAILURE (RECOMMENDATION) |
57
|
| HYDROLYSIS |
58
|
| SURFACE
TENSION OF FILTER MEDIA |
59
|
| ACID
DEW POINT |
60
|
| NODULAR
DEPOSITS |
65
|
| REDEPOSITION
IN PULSE JET FILTERS |
65
|
| KEYS
TO FILTER PERFORMANCE |
66
|
| TYPICAL
COMPARATIVE COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES |
67
|
| START-UP
PROCEDURE/IMPORTANCE FOR FABRIC PERFORM. |
68
|
| |
Filter Bypass |
68
|
| |
Seal Air System |
68
|
| |
The Full Module
or Hopper Heaters |
68
|
| |
Proper Insulation |
69
|
| |
Module Pilot
Tubes |
69
|
| |
Inlet Opacity
Monitor |
69
|
| |
Reverse Flow
Fan Size |
69
|
| |
Proper Temperature
Specifications |
69
|
| |
Flow Inspection
and Checkup |
69
|
| START-UP
PRINCIPLES |
70
|
| |
Precoat Bags
with Fly Ash |
70
|
| |
Conditioning
of New Filter Bags |
70
|
| |
Start-Up Through
the Bypass |
71
|
| |
Dedicate Specific
Modules for Start-Ups |
72
|
| |
Rapid Start-Up |
72
|
| |
Add Modules
as Required |
72
|
| |
Clean Bags
After Start-Up |
72
|
| EXPLOSION
HAZARDS IN DUST COLLECTORS |
73
|
| BROKEN
BAG DETECTOR |
74
|
| DUST
LEAK DETECTOR |
75
|
| "SIDE-STREAM
SEPARATORS" |
76
|
| TYPICAL
AIR TO CLOTH RATIOS (Pulse Jet) |
77
|
| TYPICAL
AIR TO CLOTH RATIOS (Shaker) |
80
|
| CARTRIDGE
COLLECTORS |
83
|
| NEW
SINTERED POLYMER PLASTIC FILTER MEDIA |
92
|
| COMPACT
FILTER ELEMENTS |
93
|
| INDUSTRIAL
AND UTILITY COAL-FIRED BOILERS |
95
|
| FLY
ASH RESISTIVITY |
98
|
| FLUID
BED COMBUSTION |
99
|
| FLY
ASH UTILITIES |
99
|
| SPECIFICATION
PROPOSALS - INSIDE COLLECTION SYSTEMS |
100
|
| PERFORMANCE
GUARANTEES |
100
|
| DESIGN
PARAMETERS AND OTHER DETAILS |
101
|
| REVERSE
AIR BAGHOUSE |
106
|
| DETAILED
SPECIFICATIONS FOR PULSE JET COLLECTOR |
107
|
| GAS
VELOCITY AND DISTRIBUTION |
108
|
| SO2
DRY SCRUBBING SPRAY DRYER/BAGHOUSE SYSTEMS |
110
|
| |
"Twin"
Technology |
110
|
| |
SO2 Dry Scrubbing
Process Definition |
110
|
| |
SO2 Dry Scrubbing
Technology Process Definition |
110
|
| |
Principle of
Spray Drying Systems |
111
|
| |
Spray Dryer
Equipment |
112
|
| |
Chemical Reaction
in SO2 Dry Scrubbing Systems |
113
|
| |
Definition
of Stiochiometry |
114
|
| |
Definition
of Sorbent Utilization |
114
|
| |
Factors Influencing
the Selection of Filter Media |
114
|
| |
Available Fibers
and Their Main Characteristics |
115
|
| |
Comparison
of Wet vs. Dry Scrubbing |
115
|
| |
Obvious Advantages
of Fabric Filter vs ESP |
117
|
| WASTE
INCINERATION - A MUNICIPAL PROBLEM |
117
|
| APPLICATION
OF INCINERATORS AND EMISSION CONTROL |
118
|
| PHYSICAL
COMPOSITION OF TYPICAL MUNICIPAL REFUSE |
119
|
| CLEANABLE
HEPA FILTERS |
121
|
| THE
HOT-GAS OPPORTUNITY |
124
|
| PROTOTYPE
COLLECTOR FOR HOT-GAS |
126
|
| HOT-GAS
FABRIC FILTRATION QUESTIONNAIRE |
129
|
| TROUBLE
SHOOTING OF FABRIC FILTERS (BAGHOUSES) |
132
|
| TROUBLE
SHOOTING (A typical example) |
135
|
| RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR MAINTENANCE LOG |
139
|
| |
Start-Up Log
|
140
|
| |
Bag Faillure
Data Sheet |
141
|
| MOST
COMMON PROBLEMS WITH BAGHOUSES |
142
|
| PROBLEM
AREAS ON BAGS |
144
|
| PROBLEM/CAUSE/REMEDY
|
147
|
| SUGGESTED
MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION SCHEDULE |
159
|
| DIFFERENT
INSPECTION LEVELS |
161
|
| SUGGESTED
FABRIC FILTER FIELD INS. REPORT FORMAT |
162
|
| |
A. General
Plant Data and Application |
162
|
| |
B. General
Observations Prior to Actual Inspection |
163
|
| |
C. Process
Information |
163
|
| |
D. Dust Characteristics
(Prior to Control) |
164
|
| |
E. Collection
System(s) |
165
|
| |
F. Dust Handling
System(s) |
166
|
| |
G. Instrumentation |
166
|
| |
H. Operating
Parameters - Design and Actual |
167
|
| |
I. Operating
Experience/Maintenance Aspects |
168
|
| |
J. Conclusions/Recommendations |
170
|
| |
K. Other Notes,
Comments |
171
|
| DISCLAIMER
|
171
|
| ARTICLE |
172
|
